In 1979, Harvard Business School professor, Michael E. Porter, published a framework that identifies and analyzes five competitive forces that shape every industry and reveal an industry's strengths and weaknesses. It can be applied to any segment within an industry and can help decision-makers understand the competitive landscape. The framework is referred to as Porter's Five Forces.
Source: Porter, M. E. (1979, March). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved February 26, 2022, from https://hbr.org/1979/03/how-competitive-forces-shape-strategy
Here are some more resources related to Porter's Five Forces.